Dhanteras, also known as Dhantrayodashi, marks the beginning of the five-day-long Diwali festivities in India. It is celebrated on the thirteenth day of the dark fortnight (Krishna Paksha) in the Hindu month of Kartik. The word “Dhanteras” is a combination of two words—“Dhan”, which means wealth, and “Teras”, which refers to the thirteenth day. This day holds great significance as it is dedicated to Dhanvantari, the Hindu god of medicine, who emerged from the ocean during the mythological event of the Samudra Manthan (churning of the ocean), bringing with him the elixir of life (Amrit) and the knowledge of Ayurveda.
The Spiritual Significance of Dhanteras
Dhanteras is celebrated to honor Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, and Kubera, the god of riches. It is believed that on this day, buying new items, especially made of metal (such as gold, silver, or utensils), brings prosperity and good fortune for the household. According to legend, it is also a day when Yama, the god of death, is worshiped to ward off untimely death.
People believe that lighting lamps and praying on Dhanteras will protect the family from negativity and misfortunes, ensuring happiness and health throughout the year.
How Dhanteras is Celebrated
The celebration of Dhanteras varies across India, but several customs and traditions are common throughout the country.
- Cleaning and Decorating Homes: In preparation for Diwali, homes are thoroughly cleaned, as it is believed that Goddess Lakshmi only enters houses that are pure and welcoming. Doorsteps are decorated with Rangoli (colorful patterns made of flower petals, colored powder, or rice flour), and small footprints of Lakshmi are drawn, symbolizing her arrival.
- Buying Precious Metals: One of the most popular traditions on Dhanteras is purchasing items of wealth, particularly gold, silver, or new utensils. This act is believed to invite prosperity and good luck. In recent times, people have also started buying electronic goods, vehicles, or other valuable items to mark the occasion.
- Lakshmi and Kubera Pujan: In the evening, families gather for a Lakshmi Puja. This ritual is performed with devotion, using oil lamps, flowers, sweets, and coins. Prayers are offered to Goddess Lakshmi to seek her blessings for wealth, health, and success. Alongside Lakshmi, Kubera is worshipped to maintain balance in the household’s prosperity.
- Yama Deepam: To honor Yama, the god of death, people light a diya (lamp) outside their homes. This lamp is believed to keep away evil spirits and protect the family from any misfortune. In some regions, it is customary to let this lamp burn throughout the night.
- Businessmen Start New Accounts: For businesspeople, Dhanteras is an auspicious time to begin new account books, known as Khata, to bring success and wealth in the upcoming financial year. This custom is particularly significant in the trading and gold markets, where transactions peak during this time.
- Health and Healing: Since Dhanteras is also associated with Dhanvantari, the god of Ayurveda, some people offer prayers for good health and well-being. They may perform rituals or donate to hospitals and health organizations, symbolizing the healing powers of Dhanvantari.
Modern Celebrations and Trends
With the passage of time, the way Dhanteras is celebrated has evolved. While traditional customs like cleaning homes and buying gold are still followed, modern celebrations have embraced more contemporary elements. Online shopping portals see a surge in sales as people buy gifts, jewelry, and home décor items digitally. Furthermore, eco-friendly celebrations are becoming more prominent, with people opting for sustainable decorations and organic products.
Social Media Influence: Like many other festivals, Dhanteras celebrations have become more visible on social media platforms. People share their purchases, home decorations, and puja setups, encouraging others to participate in the festivities. Influencers and brands also use this occasion to promote products and services, adding a commercial aspect to the day.
Conclusion
Dhanteras is a festival deeply rooted in the values of prosperity, health, and protection. Its importance lies not just in the material wealth it symbolizes but in the spiritual and emotional well-being it promotes. As families come together to celebrate, they reinforce the bonds of love and togetherness, hoping for a year full of blessings and prosperity. Whether through traditional rituals or modern trends, the essence of Dhanteras—honoring the goddess of wealth and the gods of health and protection—remains strong, making it a cherished festival in India.